L’élevage des ruminants en Afrique de l’Ouest et au Sahel est dominé par des systèmes pastoraux et agropastoraux caractérisés par des déplacements plus ou moins de longues distances et durées des animaux et des bergers. Ces mouvements sont amplifiés par les effets de deux phénomènes : les changements climatiques et l’insécurité qui touchent indistinctement les pays sahéliens et côtiers. Les analyses de la présente note s’appuient sur les résultats de la concertation organisée avec les représentants de quatorze (14) pays, des institutions régionales (CEDEAO, UEMOA, CILSS) et des Organisations des éleveurs sur la période d’octobre 2023 à mai 2024.

PEPISAO aims to strengthen the capacities of States and regional and national actors so that they can develop approaches to secure livestock mobility and integrate livestock farming methods in line with a shared regional vision and offering maximum guarantees for the peaceful cohabitation of different users of natural resources. In order to achieve this ambition, the ECOWAS Commission, in collaboration with UEMOA and CILSS, has initiated a prospective reflection on mobile livestock systems. Such an exercise reflects an anticipatory approach based on the analysis of relevant factors of change for the future of livestock systems. The present note, which is part of this exercise, aims to characterise the socio-political dynamics at work in the region, in relation to mobile livestock systems. The link between anticipation and strategic planning is tenuous. Moreover, the challenge of exploring the likely future of transhumance and consequently the future of millions of people - development actors in their own right of territories for which they are overlooked - is of crucial importance for regional integration and stability of the region and for peaceful cohabitation between socio-cultural groups. Studies, regional programmes and high-level meetings have multiplied in recent years, reflecting both the acuteness of the issue for the various actors and the complexity of the process of constructing political and social arrangements at the relevant levels of decision-making and action in the areas concerned by these problems.