Persistent dry conditions were observed from May to July. This might lead to poor crop and pastoral production and impact negatively on food security for millions of people. Seasonal rainfall forecast indicates that the situation is not expected to improve for the rest of the season. Close monitoring of the area is highly recommended. • Bad start of the growing season is observed due to the delay and/or poor distribution of rainfall. Poor yields and below average biomass production are expected as rainfall forecasts indicate average to below rainfall during the remaining period of the season. Close monitoring is recommended. • Favourable conditions of vegetation growth resulting from good rains led to above average vegetation, reaching in some areas the historical maximum.

El Niño related drought conditions since the start of the season have led to poor crop and rangeland production in southern Africa and the northern part of eastern Africa. Delays in the onset of the rainy season, with repeated failures in the start of the season, negatively affected crop growth, and pastures available livestock. Conditions of normal to very good vegetation growth, due to enhanced El Niño rains in eastern Africa. Intensification of upwelling has created optimal conditions to promote fish growth in the Guinea Current Large Marine Ecosystem. Warmer than usual sea surface temperature could possibly reduce fish production in the Canary and Benguela Large Marine Ecosystems.