Already handicapped by increasing land pressure and continued land degradation, West African farmers face an additional challenge: to adapt their farming practices to climate changes. In West Africa, these changes should lead to increased water stress, the extension of arid areas and, ultimately, lower crop yields (IPCC, 2013). Cereal yields are expected to fall by 10 to 15& by 2025, while 20& of the population is already structurally vulnerable and food crises are regular (CILSS, 2013). The situation is difficult, but simple and effective techniques can be implemented to adapt farming practices. This means that, with few resources, the farmer may be able to improve its yields, while preserving its natural capital (the soil), and taking into account the future climate changes in West Africa. This involves making the best use of agricultural water, using collection techniques that aim at maintaining as long as possible the water in the fields. It also means combatting erosion due to the wind or heavy rains, introducing physical barriers in the fields. Finally, this implies to better manage physical and chemical soils properties, in order to maintain or restore their fertility. These techniques must be implemented in a complementary manner. Despite having shown very good results at plot level, their widespread adoption remains a challenge for West Africa. Restoration costs of degraded land in the CILSS/ECOWAS countries demonstrate the importance of this challenge: up to 100 million US$ per country (CILSS, 2013)
Results showed that the model performance can be judged as very good (Moriasi et al., 2007) especially considering limited data condition and high climate, land use and soil type variabilities in the studied basin (Figure 1). Prediction uncertainty is acceptable: most of the observed data (around 80& ) are bracketed by the 95PPU within an acceptable width (R-factor < 1). However, model is characterized by more prediction uncertainties during high flows (Figure 2). The most sensitive parameters are mostly related to surface runoff reflecting the dominance of this process on the streamflow generation (Table 1).
La suite du Protocole de Kyoto pour 2013-2020 (AWG-KP), la fin des négociations sur l’action concertée (AWG-LCA) et les perspectives offertes par la Plateforme de Durban (ADP)
Le Niger qui dispose d’un important programme de lutte contre la pauvreté doit soutenir et encourager de telle innovation à travers des actions concrètes. Encourager ce genre d’innovation doit faire partie des dispositifs de mise en œuvre de la SRP
