Contenus

• 

  VARIATION IN MACRO-ELEMENTS AND PROTEIN CONTENTS OF ROSELLE (HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA L.) FROM NIGER

  Roselle is an important part of the human diet in many countries, particularly in the Sahel zone of West Africa. The leaves of Roselle are consumed as a green vegetable and in sauce. Nevertheless, little attention has been paid to their nutrient composition at different stages of plant growth. Therefore, an experiment was carried out under rainfall conditions from July to September 2006 at the experimental station of the Agrhymet Regional Centre in Niamey (Niger). The contents of Ca, K, Mg, P and protein in leaves of three ecotypes (A3, A7 and A9) were determined at stages I, II and III, corresponding, respectively to vegetative, flowering and mature stages. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates and one variable (ecotype). For ecotype A7, the protein content of the leaves decreased significantly (p<0.05) between stage I and II, than remained relatively constant up to stage III. In contrast for A3 and A9, protein content in leaves decreased significantly (p<0.05) between stage II and III. From stage I to III, the decrease of protein content in leaves was 41& for ecotype A3, 50& for A7 and 66& for A9. For all ecotypes, the P content of the leaves decreased progressively during plant growth. For A7 and A9, the reduction in P content from stage I to II and from II to III was about the same, namely 30&. However, for ecotype A3, the decrease was greater, respectively, 37& and 46&. The Mg content of the leaves was relatively constant for all three ecotypes at a given stage of plant development. However, the Mg content of the leaves decreased significantly (p<0.05) from flowering to maturity: 28& for A3, 23& for A9 and 14& for A7. For the three ecotypes, the Ca content of the leaves remained relatively constant from stage I to II, than increased markedly from stage II to III, to about 150& for A7, 85& for A3 and 50& for A9. From stage I to II, the leaves’ K content decreased significantly for all three ecotypes, about 67& for A9, 62& for A3 and 44& for A7. The data indicated that Roselle can contribute useful amounts of essential nutrients such as Ca K, Mg, N and P mainly at vegetative stage in the diets of people who inhabit the western Sahel.
• 

  ROSELLE (HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA L.) YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN RESPONSE TO NITROGEN FERTILIZATION IN NIGER

  Although nitrogen application could improve growth and yield of roselle, fertilizer recommendations for Niger are lacking. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two treatments of nitrogen (N1=50 kg N,ha-1 and N2=100 kg N.ha-1) on yields and yield components in three ecotypes of Roselle (A3, A7 and A9). An increase in nitrogen was associated with an increase in leaf yield in every ecotype. However, there was no significant difference in yields between N1 and N2. Compared with the control plants (N0), the increase was about 181& for A3, 70& for A7 and 95& for A9 at N2. This level of nitrogen significantly decreased seed yield by 30& for A3 and 48&, respectively for A7 and A9. Nitrogen treatment had no effect on calyx yield which was approximately identical for the three ecotype (420 kg ha-1). With the exception of the number of branches/plant, yield components were not affected by nitrogen application. Therefore, N1 could be considered as the optimum fertilization for leaf yield.
• 

  Nutrients composition of calyces and seeds of three Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) ecotypes from Niger

  The chemical composition of calyces and seeds of three ecotypes of Roselle from Niger was compared. The results indicate that calcium (Ca), potassium (K), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg) and protein contents in calyces are significantly different (P<0.005) among ecotypes. The highest concentrations of K, Na, Mg and protein in calyces were recorded for ecotype E7 (35.66, 3.40, 6.01 and 101 mg/g d.w., respectively). Ecotype E9 had the highest Ca content in calyces (34.41 mg/g d.w.); while E3 and E7 had similar and lower contents. The protein content in calyces for E9 (52 mg/g d.w.) was approximately halved compared to those of E3 and E7. For all ecotypes, the concentrations of Ca, K, Mn, Na and Fe in the calyces were higher compared to those in the seeds. In contrast, P content was higher in seeds. The highest K, Na, Mg and P concentrations in seeds were registered for E7 and the lowest ones for E9. Ecotypes E3 and E9 recorded higher and similar Cu, Fe and Mn contents in calyces and in seeds compared to E7. The highest Zn concentrations in seeds were obtained for E3 and E7.
• 

  MICRO-ELEMENT CONTENTS IN ROSELLE (HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA L.) AT DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES

  In the western Sahel, leaves of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) have considerable economic importance because of their nutritional and medical uses. These plant organs are used to supplement nutrients provided by cereals such as millet and sorghum. However, there is a lack of information on the nutrient composition of these plant organs of Roselle at different growth stages. Therefore, the experiment was carried out under rainfall conditions during the 2006 rainy season (from July to September) at the experimental station of the Agrhymet Regional Centre in Niamey (Niger). The content of the micronutrients Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in leaves of three ecotypes of Roselle (A3, A7 and A9) at three growth stages, vegetative (stage I), flowering (stage II), and mature (stage III) was determined. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates and one variable (ecotype). Results indicated that at stage I, ecotype A3 had higher Fe content in leaves. In addition, A3 had also the highest Zn content in leaves at stage I. For all three ecotypes, Fe and Zn content in the leaves decreased significantly (p<0.05) from stage I to stage II, then remained constant until stage III. For Fe, the decrease between stage I and II was 37& for A3 and 50&, respectively for A7 and A9. The corresponding decrease of Zn content was 30& for A7 and 50&, respectively, for A3 and A9. The Mn content in the leaves of Roselle was similar for the three ecotypes at stage I, thereafter increased continuously during plant growth. From stage I to II, the increase was about 90&, 70& and 50&, respectively for A9, A7 and A3. From stage II to III, the increase in Mn content in the leaves was significantly (p<0.05) higher for A3 and A7, respectively 180& and 80&. At stages I and II, the highest Cu content was recorded for A3 and the lowest one for A7. During the whole cycle of plant growth, the Cu content in the leaves was relatively constant for A9. In contrast, Cu content in the leaves decreased for the remaining ecotypes. Therefore the vegetative stage corresponding to 25 days after sowing is the recommended optimal harvest time of Roselle to maximise on the nutrients.