Contenus

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  Module de formation sur le journalisme sensible aux conflits en lien avec les systèmes d'élevage mobiles en Afrique de l'Ouest et au Sahel

  Depuis une vingtaine d'années, les systèmes d'élevage mobiles dans leur exercice font face à de nombreux défis, notamment les conflits entre agriculteurs et pasteurs et l'insécurité civile en Afrique de l'Ouest et au Sahel. Ces dernières décennies, des conflits initialement engendrés par la compétition autour des ressources naturelles, se sont progressivement transformés en des luttes de contrôle de terroirs entre groupes socioculturels et des revendications politico religieuses qui ont intensifié aussi bien le déplacement des animaux que des populations. Au même moment nous observons que les médias - presse écrite, radio et audiovisuelle reportent le plus souvent les problématiques pastorales à la gestion des conflits fonciers agriculteurs-éleveurs et sur l'accès aux couloirs de transhumance. Les pasteurs et les ménages pastoraux sont donc le plus souvent décrits à lʼaune de cette conception générale dʼun élevage pastoral conçu comme vulnérable face aux risques climatiques, environnementaux, sanitaires et terroristes, et comme peu efficient dans le cadre des politiques de modernisation agricole.
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  Informative directory on regulations an agreements related to the prevention and management of pastoral conflicts in the Sahel and West Africa Volume 1 : ECOWAS and central couloir country of trahsnumance (Bénin, Burkina Faso, Niger et Togo)

  Pastoralism and transhumance are livestock production practices in Africa in general and West Africa in particular. Moreover, continental, sub-regional and national organisations consider that pastoralism is useful for preserving and increasing livestock production. On the whole, this practice is faced with various difficulties, notably clashes between the different users of natural resources. In order to maintain social peace, which contributes to the promotion of regional development and integration, continental, supranational and national bodies have enacted legal texts and policy guidelines to enable pastoralists to carry out their activities in peace alongside the other economic actors. As a reminder, it can be noted that "a regulation is a legal concept that covers a set of legal instruments in the form of laws, decisions, rules and regulations, and other legal texts that frame a social and economic activity, etc. It is, in fact, about subjecting an activity to regulations”. Regulations govern activities related to the movement of people and their economic activities. To this end, the African Union, ECOWAS, UEMOA, States and communities, through legislative and regulatory measures, have laid down strong legal and institutional foundations to facilitate the movement of animals in their sub-regional and national areas. Between 1998 and 2004, ECOWAS, UEMOA and other partners adopted several legal texts and policy documents to regulate cross-border transhumance and reduce conflicts between farmers and herders, and then to protect public health, in the light of the global health environment (resurgence of animal diseases transmissible to humans). In order to control transhumance and reduce conflicts between herders and farmers, the States have adopted, since independence, laws that have been adapted to regional regulations. Despite this body of legislation, conflicts remain and the management of transhumance is still a major concern in the States and at the cross-border level. In order to contribute to better application of the regulations, the Integrated and Secure Livestock Farming and Pastoralism Project (PEPISAO), financed by the Agence française de développement (French Development Agency) (AFD) and coordinated by ECOWAS, which has delegated the implementation of Components 1 and 2 to CILSS, is working to promote the most relevant texts and also to facilitate their accessibility. The elaboration of the information directory of regulations required a process that helped to identify regulations relating to the prevention and management of pastoral conflicts with regard to the measures to be taken before going for, during and after transhumance, procedures for settling cases of field damage, natural resource management, access to resources, etc. The main regional and national texts have been compiled to extract relevant information to facilitate accessibility, better understanding and application by field actors